整理/余冰玥 制图/周子祺（实习生） 张玉佳
明分使群
荀子认为，人之所以能脱离兽类成为万物之灵，关键在于具备“能群”的特质。一旦失去约束，人性中对物质的贪求便会引发争夺，致使群体陷入混乱。为了化解这一危机，必须在集体内部确立基于道义的等级秩序，厘清每个人的身份定位、相应职责与权益。这套规范既是对彼此行为的制约，也是减少内耗、达成协作的基础。
Proper Ranking Leads to Collaboration
Group Collaboration is possible only when the individuals within it are clearly ranked and there is a social order. For Xunzi, the ability to "work together" is what distinguishes humans from animals. Without social restraints, humans will follow their innate desires and fight over things, causing disruption within the group. That is why there must be appropriate rules for people of different ranks, with clear rights and responsibilities to guide proper conduct, which will limit discord and build collaboration.
引例
离居不相待则穷，群而无分则争。穷者患也，争者祸也，救患除祸，则莫若明分使群矣。（《荀子·富国》）（离开群体独处而不相互依靠，则会穷困；居处在一起而没有分位差等，则会相互争夺。穷苦和争夺都是祸患，而要解救、免除祸患，没有什么比得上明确个人的职分差等以组成能够相互协作的群体。）
Living alone without group support leads to poverty; living together without appropriate ranking causes disputes. Poverty and disputes are all disastrous. The best way to solve these problems is to establish different ranks, which makes collaboration possible. (Xunzi)
来源：中国青年报
2026年07月27日 01版
